CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.A: Use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.B: Form and use the progressive (e.g., I was walking; I am walking; I will be walking) verb tenses.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.C: Use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.D: Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.E: Form and use prepositional phrases.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.F: Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.1.G: Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their).

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.2: Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.2.A: Use correct capitalization.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.2.B: Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.2.C: Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.2.D: Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.3: Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.3.A: Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.3.B: Choose punctuation for effect.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.3.C: Differentiate between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion).

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.4: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.4.A: Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.4.B: Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.4.C: Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.5: Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.5.A: Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors (e.g., as pretty as a picture) in context.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.5.B: Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.5.C: Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words with similar but not identical meanings (synonyms).

CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.4.6: Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and endangered when discussing animal preservation).